Hard Hats

A hard hat protects your head from falling objects, bumps against fixed objects, and in some cases electrical shock. It only works if it’s the right type, in good condition and worn correctly.

• Construction
• General Industry

Types and classes (ANSI/ISEA Z89.1)

The type, class, manufacture date and size are printed on a label inside the shell.

Choosing a hard hat

• Electrical work or any chance of contact with conductors: Class E, with no vents or holes.
• Working at height, on ladders and lifts, or where you could fall: consider a Type II helmet with a chin strap. It protects the sides and stays on in a fall.
• Hot weather: vented Class C hats are cooler, but only where there’s no electrical hazard.
• Sun: full-brim hats shade the ears and neck. See Sun Protection.
• High heat: look for the HT (high temperature) marking.
• Cold: use the manufacturer’s winter liner, not a thick hat that changes the fit.

Hard hat colors often mean different roles (for example, white for supervisors or orange for new workers), but there’s no national rule. Ask what colors mean on your site.

Inspect before each use

• Shell: no cracks, dents, gouges, holes or chalky, faded or brittle plastic (signs of sun damage)
• Suspension: straps not frayed, torn or cracked; all clips firmly attached
• Headband adjusts and stays snug
• Hat has not been struck by a heavy object. If it has, replace it even if you can’t see damage.

Wearing it right

• Adjust the suspension so the hat sits level and snug, with space between your head and the shell.
• Wear it brim forward unless the hat is marked with the reverse-donning arrow symbol.
• Use a chin strap when working at height, in wind, or bending over a lot.
• Use only manufacturer-approved liners, earmuffs and face shield attachments.

• Don’t wear a ball cap under your hard hat.
• Don’t store anything (gloves, phone, cigarettes) between the suspension and the shell.
• Don’t drill holes, paint, or use solvents on the shell. Check with the manufacturer before adding stickers.
• Don’t leave it on a vehicle dashboard or rear window, where heat and sun weaken it.

Protect your head beyond the hat

• Use toeboards, debris nets and tool tethers so things don’t fall in the first place. See Tool Tethering.
• Stay out from under overhead work and suspended loads.
• Pad low beams and pipes in tight areas.
• If you’re hit on the head, report it even if you feel fine. Watch for signs of concussion. See Head Injuries.

When to replace

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Many manufacturers recommend replacing the suspension every 12 months and the shell every 2 to 5 years, or sooner if damaged, struck, or used in harsh conditions.

Last updated: October 1, 2026