Hoisting Personnel with Cranes
Lifting people with a crane is allowed only as a last resort, when conventional means like stairs, ladders, aerial lifts or scaffolds would be more dangerous or aren’t possible.
- Construction
Photo: engineered personnel platform with workers tied off inside, during a trial lift
Key requirements
- The employer must show that conventional means are more hazardous or not possible
- Personnel platform designed by a qualified person for this purpose, with guardrails, a gate, and posted capacity
- The total load can’t exceed 50% of the crane’s rated capacity for the radius and configuration
- Trial lift with the platform loaded to at least its anticipated weight, before people ride, and repeated when the crane is moved or the lift changes
- Proof testing and inspection of the platform and rigging
- Pre-lift meeting with the operator, signal person, riders and the person responsible for the task
- Riders wear harnesses attached to the platform or an anchor as required
- Continuous communication between the operator and riders; operator stays at the controls
The crane
- Set up level (within 1% of level) on firm ground, with outriggers fully extended and locked as the manufacturer requires.
- Equipped with a working anti-two-block device and a boom angle indicator.
- Load line hoist drum with a working brake; the crane must be able to lower the platform under power, not free-fall.
- Hoisting and lowering done slowly and smoothly, with no sudden movements.
Rigging the platform
- Hook with a self-closing latch that is closed and locked
- Shackles are the bolt type with a nut and cotter pin, or screw pins that are secured
- Rigging used only for personnel lifts, not for other loads
- Bridle legs connected to a master link or shackle so the load is evenly divided
- Platform and rigging proof-tested at 125% of rated capacity at each new jobsite and after repair
Weather and power lines
- When wind (sustained or gusts) is over 20 mph at the platform, a qualified person must decide whether it’s safe to lift people. Lightning, ice and other bad weather also stop the lift.
- Hoisting people near power lines is heavily restricted. Plan the lift well away from lines. See Overhead Power Lines.
For riders
- Attend the pre-lift meeting and know the signals and the emergency plan.
- Wear a harness attached to the platform anchor or another approved point.
- Keep your body inside the platform and don’t stand on the rails.
- Keep the platform within its rated capacity, people and tools combined.
- Stay in contact with the operator or signal person at all times.
Never ride the hook, the headache ball, a load, a pallet, a bucket or a material basket.
Standards & references
- 29 CFR 1926.1431: Hoisting personnel
- ASME B30.23: Personnel lifting systems
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